Principality Of Grubenhagen on:
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The Principality of Grubenhagen was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, ruled by the Grubenhagen line of the House of Welf from 1291. It is also known as Brunswick-Grubenhagen. The principality fell to the Brunswick Principality of Lüneburg in 1617; from 1665 the territory was ruled by the Principality of Calenberg, Calenberg branch of the Welf dynasty.
The principality was located on the southwestern edge of the Harz mountain range in present-day South Lower Saxony. It included two separate territories, one around the German town law, town of Einbeck with Grubenhagen Castle (Einbeck), Grubenhagen Castle, and another domain around the towns of Osterode am Harz, Osterode and Duderstadt (ceded to Electorate of Mainz, Mainz in 1366) with Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Clausthal, Herzberg am Harz, Herzberg, and Herzberg Castle. The dominion also comprised the eastern exclave of Elbingerode, today part of Saxony-Anhalt.
A Calenberg-Grubenhagen ''Landschaft'' (administrative division) still exists today.
Map of Lower Saxony 1789
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grubenhagen, Principality of 1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1291 establishments in Europe Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire Harz 1596 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire Former principalities
Geography
The principality was located on the southwestern edge of the Harz mountain range in present-day South Lower Saxony. It included two separate territories, one around the German town law, town of Einbeck with Grubenhagen Castle (Einbeck), Grubenhagen Castle, and another domain around the towns of Osterode am Harz, Osterode and Duderstadt (ceded to Electorate of Mainz, Mainz in 1366) with Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Clausthal, Herzberg am Harz, Herzberg, and Herzberg Castle. The dominion also comprised the eastern exclave of Elbingerode, today part of Saxony-Anhalt.
History
Grubenhagen was split off from the Brunswick Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Principality of Wolfenbüttel in 1291, when the sons of late Duke Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Albert the Tall (1236–1279) finally divided their heritage. Its first ruler was Duke Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Henry the Admirable. Henry's sons split the small principality further in 1322 as they themselves had numerous heirs; Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Otto, son of Duke Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Henry II, in view of his small share left for March of Montferrat, Montferrat, married Queen Joan I of Naples in 1376 and became Principality of Taranto, Prince of Taranto in 1383. The ongoing fragmentation weakened the position of the Grubenhagen branch regarding estate distributions involving their Wolfenbüttel, Principality of Lüneburg, Lüneburg and Principality of Calenberg, Calenberg cousins. The Principality of Grubenhagen was finally reunited in 1526 under the rule of the Brunswick duke Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Philip I. However, in 1596 the Grubenhagen branch became extinct upon the death of his son Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Philip II. The territory was disputed by the different lines of the Welf dynasty: Duke Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Henry Julius, Prince of Wolfenbüttel, occupied Grubenhagen; his son Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Frederick Ulrich, however, had to cede it to Duke Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Christian, Prince of Lüneburg according to a 1617 ruling of the Imperial Chamber Court ''(Reichskammergericht)'' at Speyer. With the Principality of Lüneburg, the Grubenhagen territory was finally inherited by Duke Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Christian Louis, Prince of Calenberg, in 1648. After his death in 1665 Grubenhagen ceased to exist as an independent principality. Formally, it remained a state of the Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806.
A Calenberg-Grubenhagen ''Landschaft'' (administrative division) still exists today.
Princes of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
* Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Henry I the Admirable (1267–1322) ruled 1291-1322 * Henry II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Henry II (Henry of Greece) (c. 1289–1351), son, ruled 1322-1351 jointly with his brothers ** Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Ernest I (c. 1297–1361), co-ruler 1322-1361 ** William, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, William I (c. 1298–1360), co-ruler 1322-1360 ** John I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, John (cleric) (c. 1300–1367), co-ruler 1322-1325 * Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Albert I (c. 1339–1383), son of Ernest I, ruled 1361-1383, jointly with his brother John II **John II (c. 1340–1401), cleric, co-ruled 1361-1364 *Abbot Ernest (c. 1346–c. 1401), claimed co-regency 1383, alimony 1384 *Frederick (c. 1350–1421), guardian 1383–1398, senior 1402–1421 * Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Eric (c. 1383–1427), son of Albert I, ruled 1398-1427 * Henry III of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Henry III, son of Eric 1427-1464, jointly with his brothers Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Albert II and Ernest II ** Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Albert II 1427-1485 Principality divided in 1479. * Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Henry IV, son of Henry III 1479-1526 ** Philip I, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Philip I, son of Albert II 1486-1551 Grubenhagen re-united in 1526. * Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Ernest III, son of Philip I 1551-1567 * Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Wolfgang, brother 1567-1595 * Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, Philip II, brother 1595-1596References
External links
Map of Lower Saxony 1789
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grubenhagen, Principality of 1290s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1291 establishments in Europe Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire Harz 1596 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire Former principalities